ABSTRACT
Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an extremely common condition in elderly men and is a major cause ofbladder outflow obstruction. An enlarged prostate may also be incidentally found on imaging of the pelvis or on rectal examination.Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) are one of the commonest presentations in urology clinics. Clinical diagnosis of BPHis made by the assessment of international prostate symptom score (IPSS), prostate size or volume, and reduced urinary flowrate. Uroflowmetry is one of the simplest and non-invasive urodynamic investigations used in the measurement of urinary flowrate using a flowmeter for the evaluation of obstructive LUTS. The IPSS is widely used to assess the severity of LUTS in menwith bladder outlet obstruction and to evaluate the response to medical or surgical therapy for benign prostatic obstruction.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients with LUTS to evaluate: (1) Prostate size onultrasound, (2) correlate prostate size with IPSS, and (3) correlate prostate size with uroflowmetry. A total of 60 patients wereincluded in the study attending the outpatient department of general surgery in Government Doon Medical College betweenJune 2018 and September 2019.Result: Our study states that maximum flow rate and prostate volume show a positive significant correlation having P < 0.01.Considering all the three grades of BPH, a positive correlation was found between prostate volume and maximum flow rate. Asignificant correlation was found between mean prostate volume and maximum flow rate signifying that the higher the prostatevolume, the lower the maximum flow rates. The statistical analysis of prostate volume versus IPSS showed strongly significantcorrelation between the two parameters. Mean prostate volume was higher in patients with PSS of 18–35. It denotes that higherthe prostate volume higher is severity index in patients with BPH.Conclusion: On the basis of data, which were obtained after evaluation of 60 patients with BPH, it can be concluded thatprostate volume and its relationship with peak flow of output can help predict the degree and cause of obstruction. The higherthe prostate volume, the higher the possibility of the cause to be obstructive due to BPH. Uroflowmetry, IPSS, and ultrasoundare non-invasive, easy, and cheap investigation in evaluation of LUTS, mainly due to BPH.
ABSTRACT
Background: Blunt abdominal injuries are met more often nowadays due to increased industrialization and a greater numberof vehicles, and is the third most common form of injury in road traffic accidents (RTAs) after orthopedic injuries and headinjuries. Blunt injury to the abdomen can also occur as a result of fall from height, assault with blunt object and sports injuries,etc. Blunt trauma abdomen is seen in increasing number in the emergency department and therefore, the early diagnosis andtreatment are very important and crucial for patients.Methods: The study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 100 patients were studied. After detailedclinical history, physical examination various investigations such as complete blood count, X-rays, ultrasound of the abdomen,and computed tomography scan of the abdomen were done to complete the diagnosis. Then, data were statically analyzed.Results: In our study, male patients were commonly affected (73%). The younger population between the age group of 18 and40 years was predominantly affected (73%). The common mode of injury was RTAs (62%). The organ that was found to bemost commonly injured in our study was the liver (27%) than spleen (22%). About 59% patients were managed conservativelywhile 41% were operated. The most common cause of death was cardiorespiratory failure followed by septicemia.Conclusions: This research article shows that blunt injury abdomen is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young agepatients with RTA being the most common cause. Patients that are received in the emergency department should be givenimmediate attention and a quick and thorough evaluation of the patient must be done. Early diagnosis reduces the mortalityrates and plays a major role in good outcome and lead to successful treatment in these patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as an important public health issue which needs to be tackled by a multi-disciplinary approach. The trend in RTA injuries and death is becoming alarming in countries like India. The number of fatal and disabling road accident happening is increasing day by day and it is a real public health challenge for all the concerned agencies to prevent it. This article is intended to create awareness among the health professionals about the various modalities available to prevent road accidents and also to inculcate a sense of responsibility towards spreading the message of road safety. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study of 230 patients between April 2016 to December 2017 reporting at General surgery, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery Department in Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun. Both indoor and OPD patients were included in this study. Data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire with closed ended questions being addressed to the participants. Results: Total of 230 accident victims was included in this study. Among them, 195 (85%) were males and 35 (15%) were female. Out of 230 respondents, 180 (78.26%) were involved in the accidents on normal working days, 30 (13.04%) of the accidents occurred during weekends and 4 (8.70%) on public holidays, Speeding 50 (21.74%) was one of the most significant personal factor associated with RTAs. Alcohol intoxication 35(15.22%), reckless driving 45 (19.57%) and tiredness of the driver 30 (13.04%) are the important personal factors associated with RTAs. Mohit Goyal, Dhananjay Dobhal, Ashutosh Sayana, Salyl Dobhal, Aditya Goyal. Study of epidemiology of road traffic accidents. IAIM, 2018; 5(4): 23-28. Page 24 Conclusion: Most countries have a multidisciplinary approach to traffic planning and road design. It is done by psychologists, engineers, doctors, sociologists, vehicle experts, etc., in India; road traffic is still a civil engineering issue. Lessons can be learnt from the eminent guidelines and good practices for good behavior on the roads practiced in developed countries where safety, orderliness, and discipline are ingrained in the citizens, come what may. Mere celebration of the annual Road Safety Week during the first week of January does not serve any purpose. Drivers should learn to show consideration and respect to co-vehicle drivers and pedestrians so that our roads become safer.